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TREAD DESIGN
SECTIONS AND IMPORTANCE OF TREAD DESIGN
The tread is the part of the tire
that contacts the pavement. The correct choice of tread design for a specific
application can mean the difference between a satisfied and a dissatisfied
customer.
A PROPER
TREAD DESIGN
- Improves traction
- Improves handling
TREAD DESIGN
ALSO AFFECTS OTHER CUSTOMER CONCERNS SUCH AS:
- Ride comfort
- Noise level
- Fuel efficiency
SIPES
Small, slit-like grooves in tread
blocks that allow the blocks to move more. This added flexibility increases
traction by creating an additional biting edge. Sipes are especially helpful on
ice, light snow, and loose dirt.
BLOCKS
Those segments making up a tire's
tread. The primary function of tread blocks is to provide traction.
RIBS
The straight-lined row of blocks that
create a circumferential contact "band."
DIMPLES
Indentations in the tread that
improve cooling.
SHOULDER
Provides continuous contact with the
road while maneuvering. Shoulders wrap slightly over the inner and outer
sidewall of a tire.
VOID RATIO
The amount of open space in the
tread. A low void ratio means more rubber is in contact with the road. A high
void ratio increases the ability to drain water. Whether a tire has a high or
low void ratio depends on the tire's intended use.
GROOVING
Used to create voids for better water channeling on wet road surfaces.
It is the most efficient means of channeling water from in front to behind the
tire. By designing grooves circumferentially, water has less distance to be
channeled. Circumferential grooves provide the shortest distance from the front
to the rear edges of the contact patch.
TIRE LIFE
There are many factors to consider
when researching and developing a tread design-steering response, cornering
power, traction, stability, noise, and treadwear are but a few. The aesthetics
of the tread design are also a big factor. Many customers base much of their
purchase decision on tread appearance.
ASYMMETRICAL
TREAD PATTERN
The tread pattern changes across the
face of the tire. Usually incorporates larger tread blocks on the outer portion
for increased stability during cornering. The smaller inner blocks aid in
dissipating water.
UNIDIRECTIONAL
TREAD PATTERN
Designed to rotate in only one
direction, unidirectional tires enhance straight-line acceleration by reducing
rolling resistance. They also provide shorter stopping distance. Unidirectional
tires must be dedicated to a specific side of the vehicle. Care must be taken
when rotating unidirectional tires to ensure that the repositioned tire rotates
in the correct direction.
SYMMETRICAL
TREAD PATTERN
Consistent across the tire's face.
Both halves of the tread face are the same design.
TREAD DESIGN
AND WET ROAD CONDITIONS
There are both block and rib tread patterns used in street-tire design. Grooves are used to create voids within the tread face for better water channeling on wet road surfaces. The most efficient means of channeling water is circumferentially around the tire. It is the shortest distance between the front and rear edge of the contact patch. However, lateral grooves help break up the wedge of water that forms at higher speeds. This reduces the chance of hydroplaning and increases the tire's contact with the road.
vs Oct 2021
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